Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What characterizes the typical skin presentation in venous ulcers compared to arterial ulcers?

1. Cool and pale skin

2. Warm and elastic skin

3. Swollen and darkened skin

4. Thin and shiny skin

The correct answer is: Swollen and darkened skin

The typical skin presentation associated with venous ulcers is characterized by swollen and darkened skin. Venous ulcers often occur due to chronic venous insufficiency, where poor venous return leads to pooling of blood in the lower extremities. This condition leads to increased pressure in the veins, causing localized edema (swelling) and resulting in a discoloration of the skin due to the leakage of red blood cells and hemosiderin (iron pigment) deposition, which gives the skin a darkened appearance, presenting as a brownish or bluish hue. This contrasts sharply with the presentation of arterial ulcers, which typically occur due to inadequate blood supply and are characterized by cool, pale skin. Other skin characteristics for arterial ulcers include thin and shiny skin, which results from a lack of blood flow and nutrient supply. Understanding the differences in skin presentation helps in assessing the type of wound and determining the appropriate treatment approach for patients suffering from ulcerations.