Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which lipid abnormalities are associated with chronic renal insufficiency?

1. Elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides

2. Low HDL

3. Elevated triglycerides, HDL and LDL

4. Elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL

The correct answer is: Elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides

Chronic renal insufficiency significantly impacts lipid metabolism, leading to specific changes in lipid profiles. A key characteristic of this condition is the elevation of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. The kidneys play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and with their impaired function, there can be an accumulation of these lipid components. This is primarily due to increased hepatic production of lipoproteins, particularly LDL, and the decreased clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In the context of chronic kidney disease, it is not uncommon for patients to present with dyslipidemia characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, which contributes to elevated total cholesterol levels. This dyslipidemic state is partially attributed to insulin resistance that commonly occurs in patients with renal impairment. While variations in HDL levels can occur, the prominent abnormalities typically seen with chronic renal insufficiency include elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides, positioning these factors as critical indicators in managing patients with renal difficulties. Understanding these changes is vital for addressing cardiovascular risks, which are elevated in individuals with chronic renal disease.