Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What model of decision making assumes that all choices and consequences are known?

1. Normative model

2. Descriptive model

3. Decision-tree model

4. Strategic model

The correct answer is: Normative model

The normative model of decision making is grounded in the idea that all possible choices and their associated consequences are known and quantifiable. This model is often used for decision-making scenarios where a clear framework can be established to guide the decision process towards the optimal choice. It relies on the principle of utility maximization, where the decision-maker evaluates all potential options based on their outcomes to select the one that provides the highest benefit or least cost. In practice, this model is implemented by establishing criteria for evaluating alternatives, calculating the likely consequences of each choice, and making a selection that maximizes expected benefits or minimizes risks. The normative model does not take into account the complexities or uncertainties often present in real-world decision-making, but rather assumes a rational agent acting under full knowledge, making it an idealized approach. Other models, such as descriptive models, focus on how decisions are actually made, often highlighting the cognitive biases and limitations that affect human decision-making. The decision-tree model serves as a visual representation of choices and probabilities, while strategic models consider broader contexts and goals, which may involve uncertainties. In contrast to these, the normative model’s assumption of complete knowledge distinguishes it clearly.