Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What term describes the immunization against diseases such as influenza and pneumonia?

1. Promoting health literacy

2. Promoting lifestyle changes

3. Secondary prevention

4. Primary prevention

The correct answer is: Primary prevention

The correct answer is primary prevention because this term encapsulates measures taken to prevent diseases before they occur. Immunization, such as vaccines for influenza and pneumonia, is a proactive approach aimed at establishing immunity in individuals, thereby reducing the incidence of these infectious diseases in the population. Primary prevention focuses on the overall health of individuals through interventions that promote wellness and avert the onset of health problems. By receiving vaccinations, individuals not only protect themselves but also contribute to the community's health by lowering disease transmission rates. The other options, while important in the context of health promotion and disease prevention, do not appropriately define immunization. Promoting health literacy refers to enhancing individuals' understanding of health information, while promoting lifestyle changes targets behavioral adjustments that can lead to improved health outcomes. Secondary prevention, on the other hand, involves early detection and prompt intervention to prevent disease progression, such as screening tests for diseases. These do not encompass the foundational preventive measure of immunization against diseases.