Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What theory of aging suggests that the aging process decreases T cells resulting in a rise in infection incidence?

1. Activity theory

2. Free-radical theory

3. Immune theory

4. Wear-and-tear theory

The correct answer is: Immune theory

The immune theory of aging, also known as the immunosenescence theory, posits that as individuals age, there is a gradual decline in the function of the immune system, particularly impacting T cells, which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response. This decline results in a weakened immune response, making older adults more susceptible to infections and illnesses. The aging process leads to various changes within the immune system, including reduced production of new T cells in the thymus, diminished response to vaccines, and a higher incidence of chronic inflammation. These factors collectively contribute to the increased vulnerability to infections in the elderly population. By understanding the immune theory, healthcare professionals can better appreciate the importance of vaccinations and preventive measures to safeguard the health of older adults. The other theories, such as the activity theory, free-radical theory, and wear-and-tear theory, address different aspects of aging but do not specifically highlight the immune system's decline as a primary cause for increased infection rates. The activity theory focuses on maintaining engagement and activity levels, the free-radical theory discusses damage caused by oxidative stress, and the wear-and-tear theory emphasizes physical decline due to accumulated damage from use. None of these directly link the aging process to an increase in infections through T