Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which conditions alter peripheral sensation in older patients?

1. Phantom limb pain

2. Diabetic neuropathy

3. Peripheral neuropathy

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

All of the conditions listed can significantly alter peripheral sensation in older patients. Phantom limb pain occurs when a person feels pain or discomfort in a limb that has been amputated. This phenomenon can lead to alterations in sensory perception, contributing to neuropathic sensations even in the absence of the physical limb. Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes that results from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging the nerves, particularly in the extremities. This condition often leads to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain, thus altering peripheral sensation. Peripheral neuropathy is a general term that encompasses various conditions affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms like weakness, numbness, and pain. It can be caused by numerous factors including diabetes, infections, trauma, and exposure to toxins, and it affects the way sensations are processed. Since each of these conditions can independently disrupt normal sensations in the nerves, collectively they contribute to an increased risk of altered peripheral sensation in older patients. Therefore, all the conditions referenced play a role in this phenomenon, justifying the selection of the answer that encompasses all three.