Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which diet is specifically controlled for fluids, protein, sodium, and potassium?

1. High-fiber diet

2. Fluid-restricted diet

3. Sodium-restricted diet

4. Hepatic diet

The correct answer is: Hepatic diet

The hepatic diet is designed for individuals with liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatic encephalopathy. This type of diet specifically regulates the intake of fluids, protein, sodium, and potassium to help manage the symptoms associated with impaired liver function. For example, protein levels may be controlled to prevent the accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which can lead to encephalopathy. Sodium is restricted to help manage fluid retention and prevent complications such as edema and ascites. Fluid intake may also be monitored closely to avoid overload, especially if the patient is experiencing liver-related fluid retention. Lastly, potassium levels are managed because of the potential for kidney complications and the effects of medications such as diuretics. This careful balance of nutrients is crucial in supporting liver function and overall patient health. Other diets mentioned, such as high-fiber diets, fluid-restricted diets, and sodium-restricted diets, may address specific dietary concerns but do not encompass the broad spectrum of management needed in patients with liver disease; they are focused on specific aspects rather than offering a comprehensive dietary approach.