Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which factor is known to increase susceptibility to depression?

1. Being male

2. Being over 40

3. Substance abuse

4. Being married

The correct answer is: Substance abuse

Substance abuse is a well-documented factor that increases susceptibility to depression. The relationship between the two is multifaceted; individuals who misuse alcohol, drugs, or other substances are more likely to experience changes in mood and behavior due to the effects these substances can have on brain chemistry. Substance abuse can lead to or exacerbate mental health conditions, including depression, because it often results in social isolation, loss of stability, and increased stressors in one’s life. Additionally, substances may alter neurotransmitter systems that are critical in regulating mood, thereby contributing to the onset of depressive disorders. Other factors such as being male, being over 40, or being married can influence mental health but do not have a direct correlation with an increased risk of depression as significant as that seen with substance abuse. For instance, while men may experience depression, cultural and societal norms often inhibit their expression of emotions, which can complicate the diagnosis and recognition of depression in this group. Age can also play a role, but it is not a direct causative factor; similarly, marital status can influence well-being in various ways, often providing support rather than contributing to depression.