Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which respiratory condition is characterized by airflow limitation and significant mortality?

1. Pneumonia

2. COPD

3. Asthma

4. Venous thrombosis

The correct answer is: COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is indeed characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This condition typically includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both of which result in difficulty in exhaling air from the lungs. The progressive nature of COPD means that it can worsen over time, leading to increased difficulty in breathing, reduced exercise tolerance, and frequent exacerbations, which can be life-threatening. The World Health Organization identifies COPD as a leading cause of death worldwide, emphasizing its impact on public health and the importance of early diagnosis and management. In contrast, pneumonia is an acute infection of the lungs that can result in respiratory failure but is typically treatable with antibiotics if caused by bacteria. Asthma is a reversible airway condition that can lead to acute wheezing and distress but is generally manageable with proper medication. Venous thrombosis, while it can lead to serious issues such as a pulmonary embolism, is not a respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation. Thus, COPD is the condition that best fits the description provided in the question, highlighting its significance in mortality rates related to respiratory illnesses.